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CHAPTER 17 – PLANT NUTRITION

Photosynthesis –

6CO₂ + 12H₂O + light E -------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O

________________: Organisms capable of making their own food from simpler inorganic substances (plants, some protists & bacteria)

·       Photoautotrophs –

(photosynthesis)

·       Chemoautotrophs –

     (chemosynthesis)

________________: Organisms that cannot make their own food; they depend on other plants & animals as a source of food

Light Energy –

_______________ (l) – Distance between the crest of one wave & the crest of the next wave:

_____________ wavelength of light = ___________

_____________ wavelength of light = ___________

Spectrum = _____________ of light (visible light) p. 341

In _______________, all ls of light are ___________ _______________ – appears _____________.

___________ – A particle of light with a fixed amount of E.

Shorter ls of light contain more E in its photons

·        

·        

·        

_____________ – A substance that absorbs light. ls of light not absorbed either pass through or are reflected.

Your eyes ______ l of light that are ____________ (if you see red, red is being reflected, and all other colors are being absorbed).

____________________________ – The different colors or ls of light absorbed by a particular pigment.

Photosynthetic Pigments

1.           chlorophyll a –

2.           chlorophyll b –

3.           carotenes –

4.           xanthophylls –

_____________ & ____________ are visible in ___________ when chlorophyll breaks down -> leaves change color!

Chloroplasts –

·       Thylakoids – flattened sacs of ____________ ______________ that assist chlorophyll in _________________________ and ____________ _____________________

·       Grana –

·       Stroma –

Light-Dependent Reactions (in grana of chloroplast)

1.             

2.              

3.              

4.              

5.             

6.            

7.             

·      ____ is produced when _____ is _______

·      With light, both PS’s simultaneously absorb light

·      _____ produces ____; ____ produces _______

·      _____ & ______ produced in the _________________ rxns is used to _____ the _________________ rxns

Light-Independent Reactions (in stroma of chloroplast)

The “Calvin Cycle”

1.    

2.    

3.     

4.    

5.    

6.   

**For every __ molecules of ____ that react in this cycle, ____ molecules of ______ are formed

·       ____ are used to form ___ molecules _______

·       ___ react to form ____________

Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis

·         

·         

·        

Comparing & Contrasting Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 

Special Case

1.  C4 Plants (Corn, Sugar cane) – “CO₂ Pump” or “C4 Pathway” - Pumps CO₂ molecules into cells in which the Calvin Cycle operates, allowing these plants to photosynthesize more rapidly

·        

·        

·        

·       

2.  CAM Plants (Cactus) – hot, dry climates.

·      _____________________________ to prevent ______________ & _________________ from ____________ the leaf

·      Take in ________________ (low temps)

·      _____________________________ (with light)

3.  Food-Making in Bacteria (Cyanobacteria) – have ________________________ throughout their _________________.

4.  Chemosynthesis –

5.  Heterotrophic Plants – Plants that eat food

·      Mistletoe:

·      Dodder Plant:

·      Venus Fly Trap: _______________; insects provide a _______________________ for making plant ___________ in acidic areas where decay of organisms is slow