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Features of ALL plants:

• All plants are ____________ in color
• All plants contain __________________, a chemical or pigment that gives plants their ____________ color.
• All plants carry on ____________________, a process in which plants use ___________, ____________, and ___________ from the sun to make ___________ and release ______________ for animals. This process best distinguishes ________________________________________________.
• All plants have a _____________ ______________ to give cells structure, and ____________ plants on land.

How are Plants Grouped?

Plants are grouped as _____________________ or ______________________. Vascular plants and Non-Vascular Plants can be compared as buildings "with" or "without" an _____________________. Vascular plants are _____________, so they need a way to _________________materials to the top of the "building," or plant, and nonvascular plants are ___________________________ and spread out, so they do not need an elevator to _________________ materials throughout the plant, or "building."

• ___________________________ Plants – Have __________________ cells that join end to end & look like water pipes or soda straws joined together. These plants can move food & water over __________________________.

One set of "tubes" is used to transport ____________ & _______________ up and down the plant.

One set of "tubes" is used to transport _____________ made by the leaves throughout the rest of the plant.

Vascular Plants have the following ORGANS:

1. _______________ - To anchor the plant and take in food & water
2. _______________ - Carries water to all parts of the plant, and holds leaves up to sunlight, provides support
3. _______________ - Makes food (has ___________________)

• ___________________________ Plants – Do not have ________________ cells

Grow ______________________________, in _______________ areas

DO NOT have _______________; take up water by ________________ through hairlike cells

Non-Vascular Plants (Short "buildings" without elevators). These plants must grow close to the ground because they depend upon _________________ to move water through all parts of the plant. They are common in ____________ or ____________ areas.

EXAMPLES: __________________ & _____________________

Mosses

Lush, green leafy mat on forest floor or on rocks by a stream. Has _______________ & ________________ but NO ______________.

Liverworts

Small patches of green plants that look wet & slippery. They have _______________ & ________________ but NO ______________. They are fixed to the surface of the ground by ______________ ______________ or __________________ cells.

Mosses & Liverworts are USEFUL to Living Things:

• They serve as a ___________ source for animals, such as _____________& ____________
• They hold ___________in place to keep it from ___________________________
• Mosses that live in ______________ cause them to _______________________ to form _______________
• Moss forms ________________ (peat moss) from decayed sphangum

Life Cycle of a Moss

Mosses reproduce by ________________________________________, the forming of a new living thing by union of reproductive cells (egg & sperm) from 2 parents.

When egg & sperm join, that is referred to as ________________________.

• _______________ of mosses & liverworts must _____________ to the ______________ to fertilize them.
• After ___________________, a ______________ grows from the fertilized ____________
• _________________ ________________ form at the tip of each _______________
• _________________ contain _________________
• _________________ are blown away from the parent by ______________
• Wherever spores land, they grow into ____________________________________

Vascular Plants (Tall buildings that need elevators to transport materials throughout building). These plants grow __________ because they HAVE _______________ cells in their roots that carry ___________ & ___________ throughout the plant.

Vascular Plants are divided into _________________ & _______________ Plants

Organs: Remember…Vascular plants have ____________, ____________, & ____________.

2 Types of Tubelike Cells:

• ______________________ - Carries _____________ & dissolved ________________ from roots to leaves.

• ______________________ - Carries ____________ made by leaves to all other parts of the plant.

EXAMPLE: ___________________ - A vascular plant that reproduces with spores.

1 ____________ of the _____________________ of a fern does NOT have a _______________________ system, so they need to grow in moist, shaded areas.

Life Cycle of a Fern

• ______________ ________________ opens
• Tiny ______________ are carried by ______________ & _______________
• If _________________lands in ______________ place, it _____________ into a _____________, _______________, ______________________ plant.
• _____________ - shaped plant produces _____________ & ____________ cells
• _____________ cells ___________ through water to ________________ ___________ cells.
• Fertilized __________ develops into a new fern with ______________, _____________, & _____________

 Seed Plants – Seed plants are a type of ___________________ plant. They are further divided into _________________ and _____________________________.

________________________ - Part of a plant that contains a new, young plant & stored food.

The young plant in the seed is the __________________, or an organism in its early stages of growth.

A ______________ has a protective, hard outer ____________.

Two Types of Seed Plants:

________________________ - A plant that produces seeds in cones. It has tough, needle-like leaves.

These plants keep their leaves throughout the year, and therefore are referred to as ______________________. These plants shed their leaves intermittantly (not all at once).

Conifer Life Cycle

____________ cones produce ______________, tiny yellow grains of seed plants in which sperm develop

____________ cones produce ____________ cells.

• _____________ cones shed pollen into the ___________ in early spring
• ___________ carries ____________ to ______________ cones
• ____________ cones contain _________ cells
• ____________ cells fertilize ____________ cells and ____________form between woody ______________ of ______________.
• When seeds are _____________, cones become dry, and woody scales ____________
• _____________ fall to _____________
• _____________ grow into _______________________ when conditions are good

Conifer Facts

• ______________ & ______________ of conifers are ____________ & _____________, unlike the soft stems of ferns.
• _______________ cells have ________________ cell walls
• Conifers have ________________ - ________________ leaves
• Have _______________ cells
• Can live in many different places: ____________ or __________ areas.

EXAMPLES: ______________________ lives in swamps

______________________ live in the desert

_______________ & __________________ live in high mountains or close to sea

 

• Conifers supply ________ of the _________________ used in the world
• Conifers area source of _________________, ____________________, __________________, & __________________
• Conifers are _______________ & _______________ for other animals

 __________________________________ - A _________________ plant that produces seeds inside a flower, or enclosed in a fruit.

This is the _______________ ________________ plant

_______________________ - The reproductive part of the plant.

______________ part produces eggs.

______________ part produces sperm.

EXAMPLES: ___________________ & _____________________

• ______________, produced within pollen grains, is carried to ________ cells by ____________, ____________, and other _____________.
• _______________ ________________parts develop into a ______________ that protects the seeds.

Flowering plants may have ___________, ______________ _______________ flowers, OR ____________, _____________________ flowers.

Most flowering plants produce flowers only at certain times of the year.

Flowering Plants are Beneficial

• Serve as a ____________ source (fruits)
• ______________ & _______________ are made from flowering plants

PLANTS are Beneficial

• If there were no plants, there would be no _______________!!! (No ______________ or _____________)