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CHAPTER 14: SUPPORT & MOVEMENT

14-1: THE ROLE OF THE SKELETON

Skeletal System – A framework of bones in your body that aids in support

·       Provide _______________

·       ________________ of internal organs (brain, heart)

·       ________________ of materials (____________)

·       ________________________

·       Help with ___________________

·       Provide a place for_______________ to attach

There are _________________ in the human skeleton.

Bone Growth

·       Bone is made of ____________________ (cells)

·       Bones cells can _________________ (_____________)

·       As you grow:

1.    

2.    

(infants have 5 wrist bones; adults have 8 wrist bones)

Bone Structure: Bones are made up of 6 kinds of tissues ΰ

Fig 14-3:

Joints – The place where bones come together. There are 3 kinds:

1.         Hinge Joints –

2.         Ball & Socket Joints –

3.         Fixed Joints –

Hinge Joints:                      Ball & Socket Joints:              Fixed Joints:

14-2 – THE ROLE OF MUSCLES

Muscular System – All of the muscles in your body which allows for movement

Voluntary Muscles:

Involuntary Muscles:

Human Muscle Types

Skeletal Muscle:            Cardiac Muscle:            Smooth Muscle:

How Muscles Work –

Message from brain ΰ __________________ ΰ __________________ _____________________________ ΰ pulls bone ΰ movement occurs

Tendon –

.

Fig 14-8:

Fig 14-9:

Muscles Work in Pairs –

One muscle ______________, the other muscle ______________.

Activity, page 297:

1.         How does the head move when muscle A relaxes and muscle B contracts?

2.         How does the arm move when muscle C contracts and muscle D relaxes?

14-3: BONE & MUSCLE PROBLEMS

Problems of the Skeletal System

·       Arthritis –

        *

    * _____________________ made of plastic or metal may be used

·       Osteoporosis –

·       Sprains –

 (Ligaments torn; blood vessels damaged)

Problems of the Muscular System

·       Strains –

·       Cramps –

·       Muscular Dystrophy –

Making Products to Fit People

·       Making new product designs that fit the user’s body shape is becoming more important

·       Example: _____________________________________________